(2012) increased the stress level in the stress group with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and asked participants to make responses to three different types (non-moral, impersonal moral, and personal moral) of dilemmas with a total of thirty. In addition, increased physiological stress response indicated by heart rate was related to fewer utilitarian judgment. They found that fewer utilitarian judgments were made in the stress group than those in the control group while the average reaction time was longer for the stress group than that for the control group. (2012) increased the stress level in the stress group with a cover-story of delivering a public speech, and asked participants to choose a utilitarian or a non-utilitarian alternative on 20 moral dilemmas. Some researchers found that stress led to more deontological judgments in traditional hypothetical moral dilemmas. (2011) and Cushman (2013).Īlthough stress and moral judgment are closely related to each other in daily life, only a few studies have been conducted to explore their relationship so far. Recently, some new theories have been proposed to explain findings in moral psychology, such as Graham et al. The theory has been supported by many empirical studies, both from behavioral and neuropsychological levels. The final moral choices depend on the relative strength of the two processes. Reasoning means that making a judgment mainly based on deliberation, while emotion implies that making a judgment mainly based on feelings. According to this model, there are two independent processes involved in moral judgment: reason and emotion. The dual-process theory of moral judgment proposed by Greene and his colleagues is among the well-known theories. Scholars traditionally considered only rationality was involved in the process (e.g., Kohlberg, 1971), while contemporary researchers emphasize both the roles of emotion and reason (e.g., Greene, 2007 Haidt, 2007). Hypothetical moral dilemmas have been widely used in these studies, and they help us understand the process (e.g., Cushman and Greene, 2012). utilitarian underpinnings of moral judgment is an interesting topic in moral psychology. Moral judgment is often referred to as evaluating the acceptability of an action or other characteristics on morality ( Zhang et al., 2017a). The present study attempted to contribute to this field by exploring the association between chronic stress and moral judgment using a new approach, the CNI model ( Gawronski et al., 2017). Since then, the relationship between stress and moral decision-making has been gradually attracting researchers’ attention ( Starcke et al., 2012 Youssef et al., 2012 Kossowska et al., 2016). However, the direct investigation of how stress influences moral decision-making has not been conducted until the year 2011 ( Starcke et al., 2011). Even encountering moral scenarios induces stress experiences ( Kälvemark et al., 2004). Stress is ubiquitous in current society, and people often make moral decisions under a stressful state ( Singer et al., 2017). Finally, the implications of the findings were discussed. And the CNI model analyses suggested that the high-stress group (above the median) showed a stronger general preference for inaction than the low-stress group (below the median) did, but there were no significant differences in sensitivity to consequences or sensitivity to moral norms between the two groups. The process-dissociation analyses revealed that chronic stress was marginally significantly associated with deontological inclinations but not with utilitarian inclinations. The results indicated that higher chronic stress was related to more deontological moral choices. A total of 197 undergraduates completed the Perceived Stress Scale and made moral decision-making on a series of deliberately designed moral dilemmas. The present study extended the investigation to chronic stress, and employed a new approach, the CNI model, to add new insights regarding the mechanism underlying the association between chronic stress and moral decision-making. Several studies indicated the influence of acute stress on moral decision-making and behavior. Stress is prevalent in our daily life, and people often make moral decision-making in a stressful state. 3Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.2School of Social and Behavior Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.1Institute of Disability Research, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China. Lisong Zhang 1,2† Ming Kong 3† Zhongquan Li 2* Xia Zhao 2 Liuping Gao 2
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